V + ㄴ/는다고 하다

1. Title

: V + ㄴ/는다고 하다

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2. Grammar Explanation

The structure V + ㄴ/는다고 하다 is used in Korean to report or quote what someone said indirectly. In English, this is like saying “He said that he is going” or “I heard that she eats a lot.”

How it works:

• You take a verb and put it into the narrative (plain) form before adding -다고 하다 (or variations like 말하다, 듣다, etc.).

• This attaches the meaning of “say that…” or “hear that…” to the verb.

Conjugation Rules:

1. Action verbs (present tense):

   • 가다 → 간다고 하다 = “to say that (someone) is going”

   • 먹다 → 먹는다고 하다 = “to say that (someone) eats”

2. Tense changes:

   • Past: verb stem + 았/었/했 + 다고 하다
     (갔다고 하다 = “to say that (someone) went”)

   • Future: verb stem + ㄹ/을 거라고 하다
     (갈 거라고 하다 = “to say that (someone) will go”)

3. Shortened form in conversation:

   • -ㄴ/는다고 해요 → -ㄴ/는대요

   • Much more common in spoken Korean

This structure is flexible and works with 말하다 (to say), 하다 (to do/say), 듣다 (to hear), 쓰다/적다 (to write), etc.

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3. Example Sentences

1. 민수 씨가 내일 간다고 했어요.
   (Minsu said that he will go tomorrow.)

2. 제 친구는 한국어를 공부한다고 말했어요.
   (My friend said that he studies Korean.)

3. 선생님은 매일 교실에서 소주를 마신다고 했어요.
   (My teacher said she drinks soju in the classroom every day.)

4. 뉴스에서 내일 눈이 온다고 들었어요.
   (I heard on the news that it will snow tomorrow.)

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4. Sample Dialogues

Dialogue 1
A: 민수 씨 어디 갔어요?
(Where did Minsu go?)
B: 아까 집에 간다고 했어요.
(He said earlier that he was going home.)

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Dialogue 2
A: 이 영화 재미있어요?
(Is this movie fun?)
B: 아니요. 제 친구가 아무도 안 본다고 했어요.
(No. My friend said nobody watches this.)

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5. Make Korean Sentences from English!

1. My friend said that he will come tomorrow.

2. I heard that this restaurant is delicious.

3. My mom said that I should study hard.

4. My sister said she bought a new phone.

5. My mom said she will cook today.

6. My friend said he likes coffee.

7. My girlfriend said she doesn’t love me.

8. My ex-girlfriend said she had another boyfriend.

9. My ex-girlfriend’s ex-boyfriend said he likes bad girls.

10. I said they have to go to jail.

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